PD1+TIGIT+2B4+KLRG1+ Cells Might Underlie T Cell Dysfunction in Patients Treated with BCMA-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown rapid, frequent, and deep responses in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, relapse frequently occurs following CAR-T therapy, and the cause of this resistance is not well defined. Among the potential mechanisms of resistance, T cell intrinsic factors may be an important source of failure. Here we used spectral flow cytometry to identify the changes in T cell phenotypes in bone marrow aspirates at different stages of multiple myeloma progression, including cases that relapsed after anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy. We identified completely different T cell phenotypes in RRMM and post CAR-T relapse cases compared to healthy donors and earlier stages of multiple myeloma, novel double-negative CD3+ T cells in RRMM and CAR-T relapsed cases, and differences in CD8 T cell phenotype at the baseline between peripheral blood and bone marrow from healthy donors. We found that the majority of T cells in RRMM patients and significant T cell subsets in post-CAR-T relapsed patients expressed multiple coinhibitory markers, including PD1, TIGIT, 2B4, and KLRG1.

A review of research for a cryolipolysis technology.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and excess body fat are known health issues and a major aesthetic concern. Numerous modalities have been developed to address unwanted deposits of adiposity, including the development of various noninvasive methods overcoming the limitations and risks of invasive alternatives. Cryoadipolysis, also known commonly as cryolipolysis, involves the harnessing of selective cryolysis, the selective cold-based damaging of subcutaneous fat cells which die via apoptosis, and are removed naturally by the body over time. AIMS: To provide a brief but comprehensive summary of the literature supporting two related cryoadipolysis devices that are only available outside of North America, Cooltech and Cooltech Define (Sinclair). RESULTS/DISCUSSION: Review of 10 available clinical studies evaluating the two devices, specifically, showed both devices to be safe, with side effects profiles comparable to those of similar platforms in the armamentarium. Both operate by non-invasively lowering the temperature of localized subcutaneous fat and maintaining it at or below a threshold that causes disruption of adipocytes via crystallization, inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death). Over time, clinically significant reductions in fat thickness and circumference of the treated area were noted. Patient satisfaction is high. The literature also highlights the necessity of adherence to patient selection and device use guidelines to minimize potential for rare paradoxical adipose hyperplasia and maximize patient satisfaction.

Safety and efficacy for hair removal in dark skin types III and IV with a high-powered, combined wavelength (810, 940 and 1060 nm) diode laser: A single-site pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated the superior efficacy of a high-power diode laser (4800 W) with a wavelength of 810 nm over others with less power and the same wavelength, while also being safe and comfortable for the patient. However, the use of this laser is limited on dark skin. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and comfort of a 4800 W diode laser (810 nm) with that of the new Blend diode laser (810 nm, 940 nm, and 1064 nm). Furthermore, the study aims to demonstrate that the Blend diode laser delivers better results on darker skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 810 nm diode laser was compared with the Blend diode laser (810, 940 and 1064 nm) (Primelase, Cocoon Medical). A side-by-side comparative study was carried out over three sessions involving fourteen participants with skin types III and IV, with evaluation of the results 6 months after treatment. The study was performed at the Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. This evaluation was based on efficacy, safety, comfort, and participant satisfaction. RESULTS: Blend diode laser treatments were performed with fluences 40% (SE = 0.04%) higher than those of the 810 nm. Besides mild-to-moderate transient discomfort during the procedure, the Blend diode laser also produced an increased pricking sensation that was 1.8 points higher on a 10-point scale (p < 0.05), due to the higher fluence used. Hair reduction was 12% higher with the Blend diode laser, with a confidence level of 70%. Moreover, participants were more satisfied with the results of the Blend diode laser than with the diode laser (50% very satisfied vs. 36%, respectively). No long-term adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The new Blend diode laser has been shown to be more effective and satisfactory than 810 nm diode laser on dark skin types III and IV, while also being safe and comfortable for participants.

Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Pregnancy: Analysis of a Large 10-Year Longitudinal Mexican Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is considered a high risk one since it is associated with a higher rate of maternal-fetal complications compared with the pregnancies in healthy women. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the maternal-fetal outcomes in a cohort of Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and to identify risk factors associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort of pregnant lupus patients was analyzed. Maternal-fetal complications were described, and clinical, biochemical, and immunological variables associated with obstetric adverse outcomes were studied. Descriptive statistics, comparison of variables using appropriate tests, and finally logistic regression analysis were performed to identify potential risk factors for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 351 pregnancies were included in a 10-year period. The most frequently observed maternal adverse outcomes were lupus flare (35%) and preeclampsia (14.5%). Active lupus before pregnancy (hazards ratio [HR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-12.5; p = 0.003) was a predictor for these complications, whereas the use of antimalarial drugs (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7; p = 0.007) was a protective factor. The most frequent fetal adverse outcomes were preterm birth (38.1%), miscarriages (10%), and low birth weight babies (28%), and very low birth weight newborns (11%). Proteinuria in early pregnancy (HR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.01-50.3; p = 0.04) and preeclampsia (HR, 9.3; 95% CI, 1.7-49.7; p = 0.009) were risk factors associated with these complications. CONCLUSIONS: Variables related to systemic lupus erythematosus activity predict an adverse maternal outcome, whereas proteinuria in early pregnancy and preeclampsia are associated with an adverse fetal outcome.

A snapshot of antimicrobial resistance in Mexico. Results from 47 centers from 20 states during a six-month period.

AIM: We aimed to assess the resistance rates of antimicrobial-resistant, in bacterial pathogens of epidemiological importance in 47 Mexican centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included a stratified sample of 47 centers, covering 20 Mexican states. Selected isolates considered as potential causatives of disease collected over a 6-month period were included. Laboratories employed their usual methods to perform microbiological studies. The results were deposited into a database and analyzed with the WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS: In this 6-month study, a total of 22,943 strains were included. Regarding Gram-negatives, carbapenem resistance was detected in ≤ 3% in Escherichia coli, 12.5% in Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp., and up to 40% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa; in the latter, the resistance rate for piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) was as high as 19.1%. In Acinetobacter sp., resistance rates for cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and TZP were higher than 50%. Regarding Gram-positives, methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was as high as 21.4%, and vancomycin (VAN) resistance reached up to 21% in Enterococcus faecium. Acinetobacter sp. presented the highest multidrug resistance (53%) followed by Klebsiella sp. (22.6%) and E. coli (19.4%). CONCLUSION: The multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and E. coli and the carbapenem resistance in specific groups of enterobacteria deserve special attention in Mexico. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and MRSA are common in our hospitals. Our results present valuable information for the implementation of measures to control drug resistance.

Acute pain responses in dairy calves undergoing cornual nerve blocks with or without topical anesthetic.

Dairy calves are routinely administered medicines, vaccines, and anesthesia via injection. Although injections are painful, little is known about methods to alleviate this pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether lidocaine-prilocaine cream, a topical anesthetic, reduced calves' pain response to a subcutaneous injection around the cornual nerve. Calves were assigned 1 of 2 treatments: lidocaine-prilocaine cream at the sites of injection (n = 10) or no cream (n = 9). Thirty minutes after treatment, calves received a subcutaneous injection of 2% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride around the left and right cornual nerves. Contrary to our hypothesis, calves that received anesthetic cream beforehand displayed more escape behaviors during the injections than control calves. Both treatments had similarly low amounts of head-related behaviors afterward. Maximum eye temperature did not differ between the calves that received anesthetic cream and control calves, although eye temperature increased over time for both treatments. Heart rate increased during the 30 s following the first injection in both treatments. There were no treatment differences for any heart rate measures over the 5-min period after the first injection (mean heart rate, root mean square of successive differences, high-frequency power, and the ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power). These results suggest that cornual nerve blocks with buffered lidocaine are painful and that a lidocaine-prilocaine cream was not only ineffective in reducing this pain but that it may also worsen it.

Transcriptional cofactors Ski and SnoN are major regulators of the TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway in health and disease.

The transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) family plays major pleiotropic roles by regulating many physiological processes in development and tissue homeostasis. The TGF-ß signaling pathway outcome relies on the control of the spatial and temporal expression of >500 genes, which depend on the functions of the Smad protein along with those of diverse modulators of this signaling pathway, such as transcriptional factors and cofactors. Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) and SnoN (Ski novel) are Smad-interacting proteins that negatively regulate the TGF-ß signaling pathway by disrupting the formation of R-Smad/Smad4 complexes, as well as by inhibiting Smad association with the p300/CBP coactivators. The Ski and SnoN transcriptional cofactors recruit diverse corepressors and histone deacetylases to repress gene transcription. The TGF-ß/Smad pathway and coregulators Ski and SnoN clearly regulate each other through several positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Thus, these cross-regulatory processes finely modify the TGF-ß signaling outcome as they control the magnitude and duration of the TGF-ß signals. As a result, any alteration in these regulatory mechanisms may lead to disease development. Therefore, the design of targeted therapies to exert tight control of the levels of negative modulators of the TGF-ß pathway, such as Ski and SnoN, is critical to restore cell homeostasis under the specific pathological conditions in which these cofactors are deregulated, such as fibrosis and cancer.

Moles quantification in liquid samples by Raman spectroscopy.

The mole is a unit of measurement that expresses amounts of a chemical substance. Its importance lies in that the mass and the number of molecules of a substance can be determined with this value. In this work, we suggest a mathematical expression that relates the number of moles of the sample studied with the Raman signal and the experimental parameters used. In other words, with this mathematical expression it is possible to obtain quantitative information in a simple manner from Raman spectra. We have applied this method to different samples and we have observed an excellent correlation between the experimental and expected data.

Suicidios en menores de 20 años. México 1998-2011 / Suicide in children less than 20 years. Mexico 1998-2011

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante la última década se ha reportado un incremento de suicidios en niños y adolescentes a nivel nacional e internacional. Los factores de riesgo asociados son trastornos psiquiátricos, circunstancias familiares e influencias socioculturales. OBJETIVO: Describir el comportamiento del suicidio consumado en menores de 20 años en el periodo 1998-2011 en México. MÉTODO: Se analizaron las bases de defunciones del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud y las proyecciones de población del Consejo Nacional de Población de 1998 a 2011. Se calcularon las tasas truncadas de mortalidad estandarizada por edad, la velocidad de cambio y el índice de años de vida perdidos. RESULTADOS: En la población de cinco a 19 años, el suicidio representó el 7% de las muertes por lesiones de causa externa; la razón hombre/mujer fue de 2.2:1. En general, la tendencia aumentó de 18.5 a 31.9 por 106. El método más empleado fue el ahorcamiento con el 75.7%. Las mujeres presentaron el mayor porcentaje de cambio con el 6%. El estado de Hidalgo presentó una mayor tasa con 17.2%. En 2011, el mayor índice de años de vida perdidos por suicidio se presentó en Tabasco con 67%. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados obtenidos, como el incremento del suicidio en adolescentes, el método por ahorcamiento, las malas condiciones socioeconómicas y los problemas de registro de las muertes, son datos obtenidos y que coinciden con lo reportado por otros autores. La tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidios se ha incrementado. El método por ahorcamiento ocupa el primer lugar a nivel nacional. El subregistro en sistemas de información es un problema sin resolverse.

INTRODUCTION: During the last decade, an increase in children and adolescents' completed suicide has been reported nationally and internationally. Psychiatric disorders, family circumstances and sociocultural influences are associated risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To describe suicidal tendency in children and adolescents during 1998-2011 in Mexico. METHOD: National Data Health Records on mortality in children and adolescents younger than 20 years between from the year 1998 to 2011 were analyzed. Rates and indices were calculated using population projections from the National Population Council. The Truncated Trend of Standardized Mortality, change rate and the Years of Life Lost Index were calculated. RESULTS: In the 5 to 19 year group population, the completed suicide deaths accounted for 7% of the external cause injuries; the male-female ratio was 2.2:1. Overall, the tendency increased from 18.5 to 31.9 by 106. Hanging was the method most often employed. The percentage of change was greater in women with 6%. The county with the highest trend was Hidalgo with 17.2%. In 2011, Tabasco was the county with the highest index of years lost by suicide with 67%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The increase in completed suicide in the adolescent's group, the hanging method, the low socioeconomic status and the problems with the registry's death system are data that have also been reported by other authors. The suicide mortality trend has increased. Hanging was the preferred method nationally. A deficient recording system remains an unresolved issue.

Características relacionadas con escaldaduras en menores de 5 años en un Hospital Pediátrico en la Ciudad de México, 2011 / Features related with scalds in children under 5 years old in a pediatric hospital in Mexico City, 2011.

Introducción: Las quemaduras son lesiones de los tejidos producidas por una agresión cutánea de energía térmica cuya clasificación varía de acuerdo a la gravedad. Representan un problema de salud pública especialmente en los niños por su elevada letalidad y los años de vida perdidos por discapacidad. Objetivo: Identificar las características relacionadas con la ocurrencia de escaldaduras en niños menores de 5 años, en un Hospital Pediátrico de la Ciudad de México, 2011. Material y Métodos: Se empleó un diseño de casos-autocontroles en 60 niños menores de 5 años que presentaron escaldadura. La evaluación de algunas variables se obtuvo mediante el diligenciamiento de un cuestionario estructurado por parte de los cuidadores. Se definieron dos periodos de estudio; el primero denominado "periodo de riesgo" que incluyó la evaluación de los eventos ocurridos 15 minutos previos a la escaldadura y el segundo, denominado "periodo de control" que evaluó las 24 horas previas a la ocurrencia del evento. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 60 menores, 70% (n=42) de los participantes fueron varones. El promedio de edad fue 2.2 años (ds=1.2). El 95% de las escaldaduras ocurrieron en el hogar, 61.4% se presentaron en la cocina y 15.8% en el baño. Cerca del 70% de los participantes tenía bajo nivel socioeconómico, 86.7% vivía en condiciones de hacinamiento. El rango horario en el cual se presentaron con mayor frecuencia fue entre las 12 a 18 horas. La única asociación encontrada se dio cuando el cuidador estaba cocinando (OR 6.8, IC95% 1.9-24.9) Conclusiones: Identificar las características relacionadas con las escaldaduras en menores de cinco años es fundamental para impulsar medidas preventivas que reduzcan el riesgo de vivir con secuelas derivados de estas lesiones. Los cuidadores deben mejorar la supervisión de los niños a su cargo, en especial al interior de las cocinas.

Introduction: Burns are injuries of tissues caused by skin aggression thermal energy. Their classification varies according to gravity. Such injuries are a public health problem especially in children because of its high fatality rate and years of life lost due to disability. Objective: Identify the characteristics associated with the occurrence of scalds in children under 5 years in a Pediatric Hospital in Mexico City, 2011 Methodology: We employed a case crossover design on a sample of 60 children under 5 years old with scalding, to whom we applied a structured questionnaire to their caregivers. We defined two study periods: risk period, 15 minutes pre-scald and control period 24 hours prior to the occurrence of the event. Results: Of the sample of 60 children, 70% (n:42) were male, mean age 2.2 years (sd:1.2); 95% of scalds occurred at home, 61.4% occurred in the kitchen and 15.8% in the bathroom. About 70% of them had low socioeconomic status, 86.7% were living in overcrowded conditions. The times of higher occurrence of events were between 12 to 18 hours. The only association found was when the caregiver was cooking (OR 6.8, CI 95% 1.9 - 24.9). Conclusions: To identify the risk factors and characterize the scald in children under than five years old are fundamentals aspects to promote promotion and preventive program to reduce risk of live with physical and psychological disability from these causes of injuries. The caregiver should to have more attention to the children they supervise, in special within kitchen.

La ecografía Doppler en la detección de invasión vesical en la placenta percreta: nuestra experiencia

Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad de la ecografía Doppler en la detección de la invasión vesical en el percretismo placentario. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó por ecografía, desde noviembre de 2011 hasta mayo de 2013, a 21 pacientes de entre 20 y 44 anos que tenían diagnóstico quirúrgico e histopatológico de acretismo placentario (AP). Se consideró invasión vesical a la presencia de estructuras vasculares parietales en la evaluación Doppler color, mientras que se estableció como probable invasión a la presencia de otros hallazgos ecográficos sin senal Doppler. Resultados: De las 21 pacientes con acretismo placentario, 7 presentaron afectación vesical en el examen histopatológico: 5 tuvieron diagnóstico e informe ecográfico de invasión vesical (por la detección de estructuras vasculares en la evaluación Doppler color) y en las 2 restantes se planteó una probable afectación. De las 14 pacientes sin afectación vesical en el resultado histopatológico, hubo 7 con informes normales en la ecografía y 7 con resultados probables. Conclusión: La ecografía Doppler es un método muy útil para la detección de la invasión vesical en el percretismo placentario. Esta se observa con una vascularización parietal positiva en el Doppler color.(AU)

Purpose: To demonstrate the usefulness of Doppler ultrasound in the detection of bladder invasion in cases of placenta percreta. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients, aged 20-44 years old, with surgery and histopathological diagnosis of placenta accreta were tested with ultrasound between November 2011 and May 2013. We considered bladder invasion the presence of hypervascularity detected with Doppler ultrasound, and probable invasion the presence of signs in gray-scale ultrasound, without Doppler color. Results: From the 21 patients included in the study with placenta accreta, 7 had bladder invasion in the histopathological study. Out of these seven, five had been reported to have bladder invasion because of the presence of hypervascularity detected with Doppler ultrasound, and the 2 remaining were reported as probably affected. Regarding the other 14, 7 were reported as normal in the ultrasound, and 7 as probable. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound is a very reliable method to detect bladder invasion in placenta percreta, seen as hipervascularity of the uterine-bladder interface in the Doppler color exam.(AU)

La ecografía Doppler en la detección de invasión vesical en la placenta percreta: nuestra experiencia / Doppler ultrasound in the detection of bladder invasion in the percrete placenta: our experience

Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad de la ecografía Doppler en la detección de la invasión vesical en el percretismo placentario. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó por ecografía, desde noviembre de 2011 hasta mayo de 2013, a 21 pacientes de entre 20 y 44 anos que tenían diagnóstico quirúrgico e histopatológico de acretismo placentario (AP). Se consideró invasión vesical a la presencia de estructuras vasculares parietales en la evaluación Doppler color, mientras que se estableció como probable invasión a la presencia de otros hallazgos ecográficos sin senal Doppler. Resultados: De las 21 pacientes con acretismo placentario, 7 presentaron afectación vesical en el examen histopatológico: 5 tuvieron diagnóstico e informe ecográfico de invasión vesical (por la detección de estructuras vasculares en la evaluación Doppler color) y en las 2 restantes se planteó una probable afectación. De las 14 pacientes sin afectación vesical en el resultado histopatológico, hubo 7 con informes normales en la ecografía y 7 con resultados probables. Conclusión: La ecografía Doppler es un método muy útil para la detección de la invasión vesical en el percretismo placentario. Esta se observa con una vascularización parietal positiva en el Doppler color.

Purpose: To demonstrate the usefulness of Doppler ultrasound in the detection of bladder invasion in cases of placenta percreta. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients, aged 20-44 years old, with surgery and histopathological diagnosis of placenta accreta were tested with ultrasound between November 2011 and May 2013. We considered bladder invasion the presence of hypervascularity detected with Doppler ultrasound, and probable invasion the presence of signs in gray-scale ultrasound, without Doppler color. Results: From the 21 patients included in the study with placenta accreta, 7 had bladder invasion in the histopathological study. Out of these seven, five had been reported to have bladder invasion because of the presence of hypervascularity detected with Doppler ultrasound, and the 2 remaining were reported as probably affected. Regarding the other 14, 7 were reported as normal in the ultrasound, and 7 as probable. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound is a very reliable method to detect bladder invasion in placenta percreta, seen as hipervascularity of the uterine-bladder interface in the Doppler color exam.

Concentraciones de interleucina-8 en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas sanas / Interleukin-8 concentrations in preeclamptic and healthy normotensive pregnant patients

Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de IL-8 en pacientes con preeclampsia y embarazadas normotensas sanas. Material y métodos Se seleccionó un total de 100 pacientes. Se incluyeron a 50 pacientes preeclámpticas como los casos (grupo A) y un grupo control que fue seleccionado por tener una edad y un índice de masa corporal similares al grupo de estudio, y consistió en 50 embarazadas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre para la determinación de IL-8 se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo de casos. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas con relación a la edad materna, edad gestacional e índice de masa corporal al momento de la toma de la muestra (p=ns). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en los valores promedio de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p<0,05). Las concentraciones de IL-8 fueron significativamente superiores en el grupo A (54,8±13,6pg/ml) comparado con el grupo B (33,6±6,3pg/ml, p<0,05) y se observó una correlación fuerte, positiva y significativa con los valores de presión arterial sistólica (r=0,715; p<0,05) y con los valores de presión arterial diastólica (r=0,640; p<0,05).Conclusión Las pacientes preeclámpticas presentaron concentraciones significativamente más altas de concentraciones de IL-8 al compararlo con embarazadas normotensas sanas (AU)

Objective: To compare concentrations of interleukin-8 in patients with preeclampsia and healthy normotensive pregnant women. Material and methods: One hundred patients were selected. Fifty preeclamptic patients were selected as cases (group A) and 50 healthy pregnant women with a similar age and body massindex to patients in group A were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples for interleukin-8were collected in all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in the study group. Results: There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age or body massindex at sample collection (p=ns). Statistically significant differences were found between groups in mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Interleukin-8 concentrations were significantly higher in group A (54.8±13.6 pg/ml) than in group B (33.6±6.3 pg/ml,p<0.05) and there was a strong, positive and significant correlation with values of systolic blood pressure (r=0.715; p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.640; p<0.05).Conclusion: Interleukin-8 concentrations were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients than in healthy normotensive pregnant women (AU)

Concentraciones de interleucina-6 en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas sanas / Interleukin-6 concentrations in preeclamptic and healthy normotensive pregnant women

Objetivo Comparar las concentraciones de IL-6 en pacientes con preeclampsia y embarazadas normotensas sanas. Material y métodos Se seleccionó un total de 100 pacientes. Se incluyeron a 50 pacientes preeclámpticas como los casos (grupo A) y un grupo control que fue seleccionado por tener una edad y un índice de masa corporal similares al grupo de estudio, y consistió en 50 embarazadas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre para la determinación de IL-6 se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo de casos. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas con relación a la edad materna, edad gestacional e índice de masa corporal al momento de la toma de la muestra (p=ns). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en los valores promedio de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p<0,05). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativa en las concentraciones de IL-6 entre las pacientes en el grupo A (31,4±3,5pg/ml) y las pacientes del grupo B (25,2±5,7pg/ml; p<0,05) y se observó una correlación moderada, positiva y significativa con los valores de presión arterial sistólica (r=0,489; p<0,05) y diastólica (r=0,518; p<0,05). Conclusiones Las preeclámpticas presentaron concentraciones significativamente más altas de IL-6 al compararlas con embarazadas normotensas sanas (AU)

Objective To compare concentrations of interleukin-6 in patients with preeclampsia and healthy normotensive pregnant women. Material and methods One hundred patients were selected. Fifty preeclamptic patients were selected as cases (group A) and 50 healthy pregnant women with a similar age and body mass index to patients in group A were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples for interleukin-6 were collected in all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in the study group. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age or body mass index at sample collection (p=ns). Statistically significant differences were found between groups in mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in interleukin-6 concentrations in the group A (31.4±3.5pg/ml) and patients in group B (25.2±5.7pg/ml; p<0.05), but a moderate, positive and significant correlation was found with mean systolic (r=0.489; p<0.05) and diastolic (r=0.518; p<0.05) blood pressure.ConclusionsInterleukin-6 concentrations were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients than in healthy normotensive pregnant women (AU)

Concentraciones de interferón gamma en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas sanas / Interferon-gamma concentrations in preeclamptic patients and healthy normotensive pregnant women

Objetivo Comparar las concentraciones de interferón gamma en pacientes con preeclampsia y embarazadas normotensas sanas. Material y métodos Se seleccionó un total de 100 pacientes. Se incluyeron a 50 pacientes preeclámpticas como los casos (grupo A) y un grupo control que fue seleccionado por tener una edad y un índice de masa corporal similares al grupo de estudio, y consistió en 50 embarazadas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre para la determinación de interferón gamma se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo de casos. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas con relación a la edad materna, edad gestacional e índice de masa corporal al momento de la toma de la muestra (p=ns). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en los valores promedio de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p<0,05). Las concentraciones de interferón gamma fueron significativamente superiores en el grupo A (75,5±27,7pg/ml) comparado con el grupo B (54,2±29,6pg/ml, p<0,05) y se observó una correlación leve, positiva y significativa con los valores de presión arterial sistólica (r=0,383; p<0,05) y con los valores de presión arterial diastólica (r=0,259; p<0,05).Conclusión Las pacientes preeclámpticas presentaron concentraciones significativamente más altas de concentraciones de interferón gamma al compararlo con embarazadas normotensas sanas (AU)

Objective To compare concentrations of interferon-gamma in patients with preeclampsia and healthy normotensive pregnant women. Material And Methods One hundred patients were selected. Fifty preeclamptic patients were selected as cases (group A) and 50 healthy pregnant women with a similar age and body mass index to patients in group A were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples for interferon-gamma determination were collected in all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in the study group. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age or body mass index at sample collection (p=ns). Statistically significant differences were found between groups in mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Interferon-gamma concentrations were significantly higher in group A (75.5±27.7pg/ml) than in group B (54.2±29.6pg/ml, p<0.05) and there was a slight, positive and significant correlation with values of systolic blood pressure (r=0.383; p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.259; p<0.05).Conclusion Interferon-gamma concentrations were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients than in healthy normotensive pregnant women (AU)

Concentraciones de interleucina-2 en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas sanas / Interleukin-2 concentrations in preeclamptic and healthy normotensive pregnant patients

Objetivo Comparar las concentraciones de IL-2 en pacientes con preeclampsia y embarazadas normotensas sanas. Material y métodos Se seleccionó un total de 100 pacientes. Se incluyeron a 50 pacientes preeclámpticas como los casos (grupo A) y un grupo control que fue seleccionado por tener una edad y un índice de masa corporal similares al grupo de estudio, y consistió en 50 embarazadas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre para la determinación de IL-2 se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo de casos. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas con relación a la edad materna, edad gestacional e índice de masa corporal al momento de la toma de la muestra (p=ns). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en los valores promedio de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p<0,05). Tampoco se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativa en las concentraciones de IL-2 entre las pacientes en el grupo de estudio (68,7±29,6pg/ml) y las pacientes del grupo control (59,9±18,4pg/ml; p=ns), pero si se observó una correlación débil, positiva y significativa con los valores de presión arterial sistólica (r=0,227; p<0,05).Conclusiones Las preeclámpticas presentaron concentraciones similares de IL-2 al compararlo con embarazadas normotensas sanas (AU)

Objective To compare interleukin-2 concentrations in patients with preeclampsia and healthy normotensive pregnant women. Material And Methods One hundred patients were selected. Fifty preeclamptic patients were selected as cases (group A) and 50 healthy pregnant women with a similar age and body mass index to patients in group A were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples for interleukin-2 determination were collected in all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in the study group. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age or body mass index at sample collection (p=ns). Statistically significant differences were found between groups in mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in interleukin-2 concentrations in the study group (68.7±29.6pg/ml) and patients in the control group (59.9±18.4pg/ml), but a slight, positive and significant correlation was found with mean systolic blood pressure (r=0.227; p<0.05).ConclusionsInterleukin-2 concentrations were similar in preeclamptic patients and healthy normotensive pregnant women (AU)

Linfangioleiomiomatosis y embarazo. Reporte de caso / Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pregnancy. A case report

La linfangioleiomiomatosis es una enfermedad pulmonar quística rara y progresiva que ocurre casi exclusivamente en las mujeres, generalmente entre la menarquia y la menopausia. Se presenta el caso de paciente de 33 años, III gesta II para, con embarazo de 32 semanas, que consultó por tos no productiva y dificultad para respirar progresiva. El examen físico fue normal, con excepción de frecuencia respiratoria elevada. La ecografía reveló un feto vivo, viable, correspondiente a 31 semanas de gestación. A la paciente se le realiza tomografía axial computarizada de alta resolución, la cual revela la presencia de cambios enfisematosos y quísticos en ambas bases pulmonares, con líquido en los bronquios. El informe de anatomía patológica de la biopsia bronquial describió engrosamiento fibromuscular difuso y pronunciado, que involucraba a los linfáticos en la capa submesotelial con proliferación de células musculares lisas y fibroblastos (AU)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare progressive cystic lung disease that occurs almost exclusively in women, generally between menarche and menopause. We report the case of a 33-year-old patient (gravida III, para II) with a 32-week pregnancy who presented with non-productive cough and progressive dyspnea. The physical examination was normal except for high respiratory frequency. Ultrasound examination revealed a viable live fetus corresponding to 31 weeks. High-resolution computed tomography revealed the presence of emphysematous and cystic changes in both basal lung segments and fluid in the bronchi. The bronchial biopsy report described diffuse and pronounced fibromuscular thickening and a sub-mesothelial layer with proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (AU)

Concentraciones de interleucina 4 en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas sanas / Interleukin-4 concentrations in preeclamptic and healthy normotensive pregnant women

Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de interleucina 4 en pacientes con preeclampsia y embarazadas normotensas sanas. Material y método Se seleccionó un total de 100 pacientes. Se incluyeron a 50 pacientes preeclámpticas como los casos (grupo A) y un grupo control que fue seleccionado por tener una edad y un índice de masa corporal similares al grupo de estudio, y consistió en 50 embarazadas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre para la determinación de interleucina 4 se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo de casos. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas en relación con la edad materna, edad gestacional e índice de masa corporal al momento de la toma de la muestra (p=ns). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en los valores promedio de presión (..) (AU)

Objective: To compare concentrations of interleukin-4 in patients with preeclampsia and healthy normotensive pregnant women. Material and methods: One hundred patients were selected. Fifty preeclamptic patients were selected as cases (group A) and 50 healthy pregnant women with a similar age and bodymass index to those in the study group were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples for interleukin-4 determination were collected in all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in the study group. Results: There were no significant differences in maternal or gestational age or body mass index at sample collection (p=ns). Significant differences were found between (..) (AU)

Concentraciones de interleucina 1 beta en pacientes con preeclampsia y embarazadas normotensas sanas / Interleucin 1 beta concentrations in preeclamptic patients and healthy normotensive pregnant women

Objetivo Comparar las concentraciones de interleucina 1 beta en pacientes con preeclampsia y embarazadas normotensas sanas. Material y métodos Se seleccionó un total de 100 pacientes. Se incluyeron a 50 pacientes preeclámpticas como los casos (grupo A) y un grupo control que fue seleccionado por tener una edad y un índice de masa corporal similares al grupo de estudio, y consistió en 50 embarazadas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre para la determinación de interleucina 1 beta se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo de casos. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas con relación a la edad materna, edad gestacional e Índice de masa corporal al momento de la toma de la muestra (p=ns). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en los valores promedio de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p<0,05). Las concentraciones de IL-1 beta fueron significativamente superiores en el grupo de estudio comparado con el grupo de controles (18,2±7,3pg/ml comparado con 13,6±5,4pg/ml, p<0,05) y se observó una correlación leve, positiva y significativa con los valores de presión arterial sistólica y con los valores de presión arterial diastólica (p<0,05). Conclusiones Las pacientes preeclámpticas presentaron concentraciones significativamente mas altas de concentraciones de interleucina 1 beta al compararlo con embarazadas normotensas sanas (AU)

Objective To compare concentrations of interleukin-1 beta in patients with preeclampsia and healthy normotensive pregnant women. Material and methods One hundred patients were selected. Fifty preeclamptic patients were selected as cases (group A) and 50 healthy pregnant women with a similar age and body mass index to those in the study group were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples for interleukin-1 beta determination were collected in all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in the study group. Results No significant differences were found in maternal age, gestational age or body mass index at sample collection (p=ns). Significant differences were observed between groups in mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Interleukin-1 beta concentrations were significantly higher in group A than in group B (18.2±7.3pg/ml compared with 13.6±5.4pg/ml; p<0.05) and showed a slight, positive and significant correlation with values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Conclusions Concentrations of interleukin-1 beta were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients than in healthy normotensive pregnant women (AU)

Modificaciones del flujo sanguíneo de las arterias uterina, umbilical y cerebral media fetal en preeclámpticas tratadas con parches de nitroglicerina / Blood flow modifications of uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in preeclamptic patients treated with nitroglycerin patches

Objetivo Identificar las modificaciones del flujo sanguíneo de las arterias uterinas, umbilical y cerebral media fetal en preeclámpticas tratadas con parches de nitroglicerina. Método La muestra fue de 31 embarazadas preeclámpticas nulíparas con embarazos de más de 25 semanas que acudieron a la emergencia obstétrica del Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”. Se midieron el índice de pulsatilidad, el índice de resistencia y la relación del flujo sanguíneo sistólico/diastólico de las arterias uterinas, umbilical y cerebral media fetal antes del tratamiento, a las 24 y a las 48h después de éste. El tratamiento fue con parches transdérmicos de nitroglicerina de 5mg, aplicado en la región torácica anterior o lumbar de las pacientes por un período de 12h, por un tiempo total de 48h.Resultados Se observó que el índice de pulsatilidad, el índice de resistencia y la relación de flujo sistólico/diastólico presentaron disminuciones significativas posteriores al uso de los parches de nitroglicerina (p<0,05). Con respecto a la arteria umbilical y cerebral media fetal, no se observaron modificaciones significativas a las 24 y 48 h al compararlo con los valores iniciales (p=ns). No se reportaron efectos adversos. Conclusión Existe disminución en la resistencia al flujo sanguíneo en las arterias uterinas de las preeclámpticas tratadas con parches de nitroglicerina sin producir modificaciones significativas en la arteria umbilical y cerebral media fetal (AU)

Objective To identify modifications in blood flow in uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in preeclamptic patients treated with nitroglycerin patches.Method The sample consisted of 31 preeclamptic nulliparous patients with pregnancies of more than 25 weeks who attended the obstetric emergency service at the Dr. Urquinaona Central Hospital. The pulsatility index, resistance index and systolic/diastolic blood flow ratio of uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries were measured before treatment and after 24 and 48h of treatment administration. Treatment consisted of 5mg transdermal nitroglycerin patches, applied in the anterior thoracic and lumbar region of patients for 12h (total time of 48h).ResultsThe pulsatility index, resistance index and systolic/diastolic blood flow ratio significantly decreased after the use of nitroglycerin patches (p<0.05). There were no significant modifications in the umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries at 24 and 48 h when compared with initial values (p=ns). There were no adverse effects. Conclusion Nitroglycerin patches decreased resistance to blood flow in the uterine arteries of preeclamptic patients without producing significant modifications in the umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries (AU)